Spin-Orbit and Zeeman Effects on the Electronic Properties of Single Quantum Rings: Applied Magnetic Field and Topological Defects.

Within the framework of effective mass theory, we investigate the effects of spin-orbit interaction (SOI) and Zeeman splitting on the electronic properties of an electron confined in GaAs single quantum rings. Energies and envelope wavefunctions in the system are determined by solving the Schrödinger equation via the finite element method. First, we consider an inversely quadratic model potential to describe electron confining profiles in a single quantum ring. The study also analyzes the influence of applied electric and magnetic fields. Solutions for eigenstates are then used to evaluate the linear inter-state light absorption coefficient through the corresponding resonant transition energies and electric dipole matrix moment elements, assuming circular polarization for the incident radiation. Results show that both SOI effects and Zeeman splitting reduce the absorption intensity for the considered transitions compared to the case when these interactions are absent. In addition, the magnitude and position of the resonant peaks have non-monotonic behavior with external magnetic fields. Secondly, we investigate the electronic and optical properties of the electron confined in the quantum ring with a topological defect in the structure; the results show that the crossings in the energy curves as a function of the magnetic field are eliminated, and, therefore, an improvement in transition energies occurs. In addition, the dipole matrix moments present a non-oscillatory behavior compared to the case when a topological defect is not considered.

Optical Properties in a ZnS/CdS/ZnS Core/Shell/Shell Spherical Quantum Dot: Electric and Magnetic Field and Donor Impurity Effects.

A theoretical analysis of optical properties in a ZnS/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell spherical quantum dot was carried out within the effective mass approximation. The corresponding Schrödinger equation was solved using the finite element method via the 2D axis-symmetric module of COMSOL-Multiphysics software. Calculations included variations of internal dot radius, the application of electric and magnetic fields (both oriented along z-direction), as well as the presence of on-center donor impurity. Reported optical properties are the absorption and relative refractive index change coefficients. These quantities are related to transitions between the ground and first excited states, with linearly polarized incident radiation along the z-axis. It is found that transition energy decreases with the growth of internal radius, thus causing the red-shift of resonant peaks. The same happens when the external magnetic field increases. When the strength of applied electric field is increased, the opposite effect is observed, since there is a blue-shift of resonances. However, dipole matrix moments decrease drastically with the increase of the electric field, leading to a reduction in amplitude of optical responses. At the moment impurity effects are activated, a decrease in the value of the energies is noted, significantly affecting the ground state, which is more evident for small internal radius. This is reflected in an increase in transition energies.

Experimental study of the potential for thermal energy recovery with thermoelectric devices in low displacement diesel engines.

Improving the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines is essential to reduce the operating costs and complaints with the increasing environmental requirements. Thermoelectric generators came up as an opportunity to reuse part of the heat loss with the exhausts. This paper evaluates the performance of a thermoelectric generator to improve the efficiency of a stationary diesel engine under different rotational speeds and torques. The data was obtained through CFD simulations and validated with experiments. The proposed solution uses a cooling system to control the temperature of the thermoelectric modules. The results show that the torque and the rotational speed of the engine are the most significant performance parameters of the thermoelectric generator, while the influence of the cooling water temperature has a minor but still significant influence. Additionally, the results show a change from 1.3% to 6.2% in the thermoelectric generator efficiency, while the exergy efficiency varies between 1.8% and 7.9%. The exergy balance indicates that most of the exergy is loss because of the irreversibilities in the thermoelectric generator and of the exergy loss with the exhausts. The exergy loss can be reduced by optimizing the design of the heat exchanger. Since the thermoelectric generator improved the engine efficiency by a marginal 0.2%-0.8%. Therefore, it is important to further research how to improve the design of heat exchangers for thermoelectric generators to increase their energy conversion efficiency and their impact on the energy efficiency of internal combustion engines.

Electronic structure of vertically coupled quantum dot-ring heterostructures under applied electromagnetic probes. A finite-element approach.

We theoretically investigate the electron and hole states in a semiconductor quantum dot-quantum ring coupled structure, inspired by the recent experimental report by Elborg and collaborators (2017). The finite element method constitutes the numerical technique used to solve the three-dimensional effective mass equation within the parabolic band approximation, including the effects of externally applied electric and magnetic fields. Initially, the features of conduction electron states in the proposed system appear discussed in detail, under different geometrical configurations and values of the intensity of the aforementioned electromagnetic probes. In the second part, the properties of an electron-hole pair confined within the very kind of structure reported in the reference above are investigated via a model that tries to reproduce as close as possible the developed profile. In accordance, we report on the energies of confined electron and hole, affected by the influence of an external electric field, revealing the possibility of field-induced separate spatial localization, which may result in an indirect exciton configuration. In relation with this fact, we present a preliminary analysis of such phenomenon via the calculation of the Coulomb integral.

Community-acquired pneumonia: similarities and differences between European and American guidelines - A narrative review.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is severe disease. Early prescription of an adequate treatment has a positive impact in the CAP outcome. Despite the evidence of existing relevant differences between CAP across geographical areas, general guidelines can be designed to be applied everywhere. Eight years have passed between the publication of the European (EG) and American (AG) CAP guidelines, thus the aim of this narrative review is to compare both guidelines and summarize their recommendations. The main similarity between both guidelines is the antibiotics recommendation with the exception that AG mention new antimicrobials that were not available at the time of EG publication. Both guidelines recommend against routinely adding steroids as an adjuvant treatment. Finally, both guidelines acknowledge that the decision to hospitalize a patient is clinical and should be complemented with an objective tool for risk assessment. EG recommend the CRB-65 while AG recommend the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). EG and AG share a similar core of recommendations and only differ in minor issues such as new antibiotics. Likewise, both guidelines recommend against the routine prescription of steroids as an adjuvant therapy.

Pyramidal core-shell quantum dot under applied electric and magnetic fields.

We have theoretically investigated the electronic states in a core/shell pyramidal quantum dot with GaAs core embedded in AlGaAs matrix. This system has a quite similar recent experimental realization through a cone/shell structure [Phys. Status Solidi-RRL 13, 1800245 (2018)]. The research has been performed within the effective mass approximation taking into account position-dependent effective masses and the presence of external electric and magnetic fields. For the numerical solution of the resulting three-dimensional partial differential equation we have used a finite element method. A detailed study of the conduction band states wave functions and their associated energy levels is presented, with the analysis of the effect of the geometry and the external probes. The calculation of the non-permanent electric polarization via the off-diagonal intraband dipole moment matrix elements allows to consider the related optical response by evaluating the coefficients of light absorption and relative refractive index changes, under different applied magnetic field configurations.

Donor impurity energy and optical absorption in spherical sector quantum dots.

The properties of the conduction band energy states of an electron interacting with a donor impurity center in spherical sector-shaped GaAs-Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dots are theoretically investigated. The study is performed within the framework of the effective mass approximation through the numerical solution of the 3D Schrödinger equation for the envelope function via the finite element method. The modifications undergone by the spectrum due to the changes in the conical structure geometry (radius and apical angle) as well as in the position of the donor atom are discussed. With the information regarding electron states the linear optical absorption coefficient associated with transition between confined energy levels is evaluated and its features are discussed. The comparison of results obtained within the considered model with available experimental data in GaAs truncated-whisker-like quantum dots shows very good agreement. Besides, our simulation leads to identify the lowest energy photoluminescence peak as donor-related, instead of being associated to acceptor atoms, as claimed after experimental measurement (Hiruma et al. (1995) [14]). Also, a checking of our numerical approach is performed by comparing with analytical solutions to the problem of a spherical cone-shaped GaN with infinite confinement and donor impurity located at the cone apex. Coincidence is found to be remarkable.

[Thoracic insufficiency syndrome]. / Síndrome de insuficiencia torácica.

The compendium of disorders that affect the normal growth or function of the thorax will cause Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome (TIS). TIS is defined as the inability of the chest to sustain normal breathing and/or lung growth. The etiology of the syndrome may be secondary to spinal deformities, global deformities of the chest, neuromuscular dysfunction or the combination of any these. Its manifestation is based on a history that highlights respiratory symptoms, a physical examination that demonstrates chest deformity, abnormal radiographic findings and/or computed tomography of the chest, accompanied by alterations in lung function or other studies of respiratory function. This syndrome must be treated with haste since it progressively worsens with the aggravation of the underlying condition(s) which is unfavorable to the irreversible physiological changes of the lung that occur during development, and are directly related to the respiratory insufficiencies. The vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) was developed as a treatment procedure that aims to restore the volume and function of the thorax with the purpose of enabling thoracic growth during the development of the child or adolescent. The treatment targets the components of the rib cage as a unit, in order to prevent or treat respiratory insufficiencies. Its indications include children with early development scoliosis who are prone to develop SIT. The proposed procedure entails a high incidence of complications and conflicting results that limit its efficacy as a treatment, which is why it is a subject of great controversy in the medical literature.

Los procesos que afecten el crecimiento normal o la función del tórax causarán el síndrome de insuficiencia torácica (SIT). Éste se define como la incapacidad del tórax de sostener una respiración normal y/o crecimiento pulmonar. La etiología del síndrome puede ser secundaria a deformidades de la columna, deformidades globales del tórax, disfunción neuromuscular o la combinación de éstas. Su manifestación se basa en un historial que resalta síntomas respiratorios, un examen físico que demuestra deformidad del tórax, hallazgos anormales radiográficos y/o tomografía computarizada del pecho, acompañados de alteración en la función pulmonar o de otros estudios de la función respiratoria. Este síndrome debe ser tratado con premura debido a que progresivamente empeora con el agravamiento de la condición subyacente, lo que resulta irreversiblemente desfavorable en los cambios fisiológicos del pulmón y se relaciona con insuficiencia respiratoria durante el desarrollo. El tratamiento expansor de costilla conocido en inglés como vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) propone restaurar el volumen y la función torácica con el propósito de permitir el crecimiento del tórax a través del desarrollo del paciente. El tratamiento se dirige a los componentes de la caja torácica como una unidad, con el fin de prevenir o tratar la insuficiencia respiratoria. Sus indicaciones incluyen niños con escoliosis de desarrollo temprano que sean propensos a desarrollar el SIT. El procedimiento propuesto conlleva una alta incidencia de complicaciones y resultados conflictivos que limitan su eficacia como tratamiento, por lo que es un tema de gran controversia en la literatura médica.

Electronic states in GaAs-(Al,Ga)As eccentric quantum rings under nonresonant intense laser and magnetic fields.

The features of the electron energy spectrum in eccentric two-dimensional GaAs-AlGaAs quantum rings of circular shape are theoretically investigated taking into account the effect of externally applied magnetic and intense laser fields. Analytical expressions for the laser-dressed confining potential in this kind of quantum ring geometry are reported for the first time. Finite element method is used to solve the resulting single-particle effective mass two-dimensional partial differential equation. It is shown that the allowed level spectrum is greatly influence by the external probe as well as by the breaking of geometric symmetry related to the changes in eccentricity. In presence of an intense laser field, the conduction band confining profile suffers strong modifications along the structure, with an additional contribution to symmetry breaking. These modifications of electronic quantum states reflect in the intraband optical absorption. Accordingly, the features of the intraband transitions are discussed in detail, revealing the significant influence of the magnetic field strength and laser field intensity and polarization, together with eccentricity, in the allowing of ground-to-excited states transitions and their corresponding intensities.

Effects of Geometry on the Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Elliptical Quantum Rings.

The electronic states in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs elliptically-shaped quantum rings are theoretically investigated through the numerical solution of the effective mass band equation via the finite element method. The results are obtained for different sizes and geometries, including the possibility of a number of hill-shaped deformations that play the role of either connected or isolated quantum dots (hills), depending on the configuration chosen. The quantum ring transversal section is assumed to exhibit three different geometrical symmetries - squared, triangular and parabolic. The behavior of the allowed confined states as functions of the cross-section shape, the ring dimensions, and the number of hills-like structures are discussed in detail. The effective energy bandgap (photoluminescence peak with electron-hole correlation) is reported as well, as a function of the Al molar fraction.

Electron Raman Scattering and Raman Gain in Pyramidal Semiconductor Quantum Dots.

The Raman scattering related with conduction band states in semiconductor pyramidal quantum dots is theoretically investigated. The electron Raman differential cross section and Raman gain coefficient are calculated making use of analytically determined quantum states. The energy spectrum is obtained within the effective mass approximation. The features of the Raman differential cross section are discussed in terms of their dependence on the changes of the quantum dot geometry. The variation of the Raman gain coefficient as a function of the quantum dot size and shape is also analyzed.

Incontinencia Pigmenti: rara genodermatosis ligada con el cromosoma X. Reporte de un caso clínico / Incontinentia pigmenti: a rare X-linked genodermatosis. A case report / Incontinência pigmenti: rara genodermatose ligada com o cromossoma x. Reporte de um caso clínico

La incontinencia pigmenti (síndrome de Bloch-Sulzberger) es una genodermatosis rara causada por una mutación en el gen NEMO localizado en el cromosoma X. Las manifestaciones cutáneas son marcadoras de esta entidad y se dan de forma temprana y cronológica. El compromiso extra cutáneo se da hasta en el 80% de los casos y las alteraciones neurológicas y oftalmológicas son marcadores del pronóstico porque tienen el potencial de producir secuelas irreversibles. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que desde el primer día de vida inició con lesiones cutáneas que, con la evolución, desarrollaron características clásicas de una incontinencia pigmenti. Se resalta el antecedente familiar asociado, el compromiso neurológico extenso y la importancia de un manejo multidisciplinario.

Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome) is a rare genodermatosis. The disease is X-linked and the most common molecular defect includes mutations in the NEMO gene on chromosome Xq28 in approximately 70% of patients. It is characterized by a multisystem compromise in which the skin manifestations occur in all patients. Also, the dermatological findings occur early and in chronological order. The prevalence of extra skin compromise is approximately 80% of patients. The ophthalmological and neurological manifestations are the major cause of disability in patients and may have a great impact on the quality of life. Some of damages are irreversible. We present the clinical case of a child on her first day of life. It began with skin manifestations typical of incontinentia pigmenti and extensive neurological involvement. In addition, the family history includes a sister with the disease. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to care for patients and to detect and prevent long-term complications.

A incontinência pigmenti (síndrome de Bloch-Sulzberger) é uma genodermatose rara causada por uma mutação no gene NEMO localizado no cromossoma X. As manifestações cutâneas são marcadoras desta entidade E se dá de forma precoce e cronológica. O compromisso extra cutâneo se dá até em 80% dos casos e as alterações neurológicas e oftalmológicas são marcadores do prognóstico porque tem o potencial de produzir sequelas irreversíveis. Se apresenta o caso de uma paciente que desde o primeiro dia de vida iniciou com lesões cutâneas que, com a evolução, desenvolveram características clássicas de uma incontinência pigmenti. Se ressalta o antecedente familiar associado, o compromisso neurológico extenso e a importância de um manejo multidisciplinar.

Volumetría del remanente gástrico poscirugía de manga gástrica / Post-Sleeve Gastric Pouch Volumetry

La cirugía bariátrica, en sus diferentes modalidades, es una técnica empleada cada vez más en el manejo de los pacientes con obesidad. La cirugía de manga gástrica es una técnica restrictiva utilizada ampliamente y que presenta buenos resultados; sin embargo, al igual que cualquier otro procedimiento, no está exento de complicaciones. En este artículo se indica una manera precisa de evaluar el volumen del remanente gástrico, ya que el incremento de este posterior a la cirugía de manga gástrica es una de las principales causas por las cuales no hay pérdida de peso luego este procedimiento.

Bariatric surgery, through its various forms, is a technique which is increasingly used in the management of patients with obesity. The gastric sleeve is a widely used restrictive technique and it has good results, however, like any other procedure is not exempt of complications. This paper discusses an accurate measurement of gastric pouch, since its increased size is a major cause of absence of weight loss after this procedure.

Caracterización de pacientes con enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólica en un hospital de alta complejidad, Colombia 2013 / Characterization of Patients with Non-Alcoholic fatty Liver Disease in a Highly Complex Colombian Hospital in 2013

La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólica compromete de 2 a 8% de la población general; esta se relaciona con obesidad, diabetes tipo 2, síndrome metabólico y resistencia a la insulina. Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes con enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólica que consultaron al servicio de hepatología del hospital de 4to nivel, entre los años 2006 y 2011. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo; la población estuvo constituida por la totalidad de los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de hepatología del hospital de 4to nivel, durante el periodo de estudio con diagnóstico de enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólica, se excluyeron pacientes con hepatopatía de otro origen. La recolección de información se realizó por medio de las historias clínicas en un formulario de recolección de datos diseñado por los investigadores, luego fueron tabulados y analizados en el SPSS ® versión 17.0. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central, posición y dispersión para variables cuantitativas, frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las cualitativas. Se aplicaron las pruebas de U de Mann-Whitney y chi-cuadrado según correspondiera. Resultados: el 58,5% fueron pacientes de sexo femenino. Se encontró que 52,3% del total de la muestra tenían sobrepeso según el índice de masa corporal y 72,1% mostraron hígado graso por ecografía. Conclusión: se encontró que la mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólica tienen elevado el índice de masa corporal, datos similares a los reportados en otras series.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 2% to 8% of the general population. It is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize patients with NAFLD who were treated in the Hepatology Department of a 4th level hospital between 2006 and 2011. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational and retrospective study of a population consisting of all patients treated in the hepatology department of a 4th level hospital who had been diagnosed with NAFLD. Patients with other liver diseases were excluded. Data was collected from medical records on a form designed by the researchers. Data were then tabulated and analyzed in SPSS ® version 17.0. Measures of central tendency, position and dispersion were calculated for quantitative variables, and absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for qualitative variables. The Mann-Whitney U test and the and chi-square test were used as appropriate. Results: 58.5% of the sample were female patients. We found that 52.3% of the sample were overweight according to BMI, and 72.1% were diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasound. Conclusion: We found that most patients with NASH have elevated body mass indices similar to reports published elsewhere.

Shack-Hartmann spot dislocation map determination using an optical flow method.

We present a robust, dense, and accurate Shack-Hartmann spot dislocation map determination method based on a regularized optical flow algorithm that does not require obtaining the spot centroids. The method is capable to measure in presence of strong noise, background illumination and spot modulating signals, which are typical limiting factors of traditional centroid detection algorithms. Moreover, the proposed approach is able to face cases where some of the reference beam spots have not a corresponding one in the distorted Hartmann diagram, and it can expand the dynamic range of the Shack-Hartmann sensor unwrapping the obtained dense dislocation maps. We have tested the algorithm with both simulations and experimental data obtaining satisfactory results. A complete MATLAB package that can reproduce all the results can be downloaded from [http://goo.gl/XbZVOr].

Shack-Hartmann centroid detection using the spiral phase transform.

We present a Shack-Hartmann (SH) centroid detection algorithm capable to measure in presence of strong noise, background illumination and spot modulating signals, which are typical limiting factors of traditional centroid detection algorithms. The proposed method is based on performing a normalization of the SH pattern using the spiral phase transform method and Fourier filtering. The spot centroids are then obtained using global thresholding and weighted average methods. We have tested the algorithm with simulations and experimental data obtaining satisfactory results. A complete MATLAB package that can reproduce all the results can be downloaded from [http://goo.gl/o2JhD].

Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección de injerto protésico infrainguinal en un Servicio de Cirugía Vascular en Medellín (Colombia) / Risk factors for developing an infrainguinal prosthetic graft infection in a Vascular Surgery Department in Medellin (Colombia)

Introducción: La infección de injerto vascular es una entidad que tiene alta mortalidad y morbilidad entre los pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica sometidos a estos procedimientos. Debido a la poca información sobre el comportamiento de las infecciones de injerto vascular en nuestro medio, es importante identificar los factores de riesgo que se asocian a las infecciones de injerto protésico vascular en reconstrucciones infrainguinales. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles en pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción infrainguinal en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, con injerto protésico, tomando como caso a quienes desarrollan infección, y como control a quienes no, según la clasificación de Szilagyi. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 34 casos y 34 controles, con una tasa de infección en reconstrucción infrainguinal protésica del 25,75%. No hubo diferencias significativas en la distribución por sexo, edad y clasificación de ASA. La mayoría de los casos se clasificaron como Szilagyi II y III (19,5 y 23,5%). La mayoría de los diagnósticos de infección se realizaron en los primeros 30 días del postoperatorio, siendo los microorganismos más aislados S. aureus y E. Coli. Se constituyeron como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infecciones la presencia de complicaciones en la herida quirúrgica (OR: 77,5; IC: 93,4-99,73), reintervenciones (OR: 7,23; IC: 1,82 - 28,4), el hábito de fumar (OR: 4,04 IC: 1,37-11,86) y el tiempo operatorio (p=0,002; IC: 21,74-91,25). Variables como comorbilidades, tipo de injerto o cirugías concomitantes no tuvieron influencia sobre la aparición de infecciones en la población estudiada. Conclusión: Las complicaciones en la herida quirúrgica, las reintervenciones, el tiempo operatorio prolongado y el hábito de fumar se relacionan con un riesgo elevado de sufrir infección de injerto vascular en la población estudiada(AU)

Vascular graft infection has high mortality and morbidity among patients with peripheral arterial disease undergoing limb artery bypass. Due to there being little information available in Latin American centers on this complication, it is important to identify risk factors associated with infrainguinal prosthetic graft infections. Vascular graft infections are a serious complication, with reports of up to 17% mortality and a morbidity of 41%, the loss of the limb being the most frequent outcome (1).Although the incidence of vascular graft infection is reported to be from 1% to 6% in most series, some studies in Latin American centers show incidences between 4% and 11.6% Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on patients undergoing infrainguinal reconstruction with prosthetic graft at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellín, taking as case patients who developed an infection; and controls, patients who did not, according to the classification of Szilagyi. Results: A total of 34 cases and 34 controls, no differences in gender distribution or age, were obtained over a period of 10 years. The most frequently isolated microorganism was S. aureus, with a significant proportion of methicillin resistant S. aureus. The variables found to be associated with significant vascular graft infection in the bivariate analysis were, the presence of wound complications (OR: 77.7, 95% CI; 15.9 to 375, P=.000), re- interventions (OR 7.23, 95% CI; 1.84 to 28.40, P=.002), smoking (OR 4.04, 95% CI; 1.37 to 11.86, P=.009), surgical time greater than 75 percentile for the population studied (OR 6.61, 95% CI; 1.2 to 2.82, P=.012).Variables such as comorbidities, type of graft or concomitant surgery had no influence of the appearance of infections in the population studied(AU)

Conclusion: Surgical wound complications, re-interventions, longer operating time, and smoking are associated with an increased risk of suffering from a vascular graft infection in the population studied(AU)

What factors determine the severity of hepatitis A-related acute liver failure?

The reason(s) that hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection may progress infrequently to acute liver failure are poorly understood. We examined host and viral factors in 29 consecutive adult patients with HAV-associated acute liver failure enrolled at 10 sites participating in the US ALF Study Group. Eighteen of twenty-four acute liver failure sera were PCR positive while six had no detectable virus. HAV genotype was determined using phylogenetic analysis and the full-length genome sequences of the HAV from a cute liver failure sera were compared to those from self-limited acute HAV cases selected from the CDC database. We found that rates of nucleotide substitution did not vary significantly between the liver failure and non-liver failure cases and there was no significant variation in amino acid sequences between the two groups. Four of 18 HAV isolates were sub-genotype IB, acquired from the same study site over a 3.5-year period. Sub-genotype IB was found more frequently among acute liver failure cases compared to the non-liver failure cases (chi-square test, P < 0.01). At another centre, a mother and her son presented with HAV and liver failure within 1 month of each other. Predictors of spontaneous survival included detectable serum HAV RNA, while age, gender, HAV genotype and nucleotide substitutions were not associated with outcome. The more frequent appearance of rapid viral clearance and its association with poor outcomes in acute liver failure as well as the finding of familial cases imply a possible host genetic predisposition that contributes to a fulminant course. Recurrent cases of the rare sub-genotype IB over several years at a single centre imply a community reservoir of infection and possible increased pathogenicity of certain infrequent viral genotypes.

Uveitis and glaucoma associated with Hepatozoon canis infection: a case report / Uveítis y glaucoma asociados a infección por Hepatozoon canis: reporte de un caso / Uveitis e glaucoma em um canino compatível com infecção por Hepatozoon canis: Reporte de um caso

We report the case of a five years old German Shepherd dog, who presented anterior uveitis in his left eye which then led him to glaucoma and corneal ulcer. Clinical examination found a patient with low body condition, muscle weakness, dull and brittle coat, and unspecific symptomatology. During both the cell blood count (CBC) and blood smears, gamonts of Hepatozoon canis were found in blood and aqueous humor. Diagnosis, treatment and progress are reported.

Se expone el caso de un perro Pastor Alemán de cinco años y medio de edad, el cual presentó uveítis anterior en ojo izquierdo que luego le condujo a glaucoma y úlcera corneal. En el examen clínico se encontró un paciente con baja condición corporal, debilidad muscular, además de un pelaje opaco y quebradizo, con sintomatología inespecífica. Tanto en el hemograma como en los extendidos sanguíneos se encontraron gamontes de Hepatozoon canis en sangre y humor acuoso. Se discute su diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución.

Expõe-se um caso de um cão Pastor Alemão de cinco anos de idade, o qual apresentou uveitis anterior no olho esquerdo e que levou à presencia de um glaucoma e uma úlcera de córnea. No exame clínico encontrou-se um paciente com baixa condição corporal, debilidade muscular e pelagem opaca e quebradiça, com sintomatologia inespecífica. No hemograma e nos estendidos sanguíneos encontraramse gamontes de Hepatozoon canis no sangue e humor aquoso. Discute-se o seu diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução.

Uveítis y glaucoma asociados a infección por Hepatozoon canis: reporte de un caso / Uveitis e glaucoma em um canino compatível com infecção por Hepatozoon canis: reporte de um caso / Uveitis and glaucoma associated to Hepatozoon canis infection: a case report

Se expone el caso de un perro Pastor Alemán de cinco años y medio de edad, el cual presentó uveítisanterior en ojo izquierdo que luego le condujo a glaucoma y úlcera corneal. En el examen clínico seencontró un paciente con baja condición corporal, debilidad muscular, además de un pelaje opaco yquebradizo, con sintomatología inespecífica. Tanto en el hemograma como en los extendidos sanguíneosse encontraron gamontes de Hepatozoon canis en sangre y humor acuoso. Se discute su diagnóstico,tratamiento y evolución.

This paper is about the clinical case of a five in a half years old German Sheeper, which presented anterioruveitis in his left eye that later became into galucoma and corneal ulcers. The clinic exam performed to thedog showed a patient with low corporal condition, muscular weekeness, accompanied by dull and fragile hair which are associated symptoms of hepatozoonosis. In the studies performed to the dog It was found gamontsof Hepatozoon canis in blood and aqueous humor. Diagnosis, treatment and progress are reported.

Expõe-se um caso de um cão Pastor Alemão de cinco anos de idade, o qual apresentou uveitis anteriorno olho esquerdo e que levou à presencia de um glaucoma e uma úlcera de córnea. No exame clínicoencontrou-se um paciente com baixa condição corporal, debilidade muscular e pelagem opaca e quebradiça,com sintomatologia inespecífica. No hemograma e nos estendidos sanguíneos encontraram-se gamontes deHepatozoon canis no sangue e humor aquoso. Discute-se o seu diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução.